A ra lai mi Hluttaw Nih Zeitindah Fianhlanghnak le Ṭuanvo Laknak An Karhter Khawh Lai?

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By Salai Van Cung Lian| Chin Digest Vol. 6, No. 4 — Thimnak a hung um, 2010 hnu in kan ram cu democracy lamthluan chung ah a hung lut i thimnak tete zong tuah khawh a si cang i Myanmar ram ah fianhlanghnak le ṭuanvo laknak hi a hung ṭha deuh thluahmah, nain 2017 thawk in a zorchuk ṭhan, ti mi hi data pawl nih a langhter mi a si. Hi capar ah Myanmar ram le Chin Ramkulh chung ah eihmuarnak, fianhlanghnak le ṭuanvo laknak lei thil sining kong ka langhter i a ra lai mi Chin Ramkulh Parliament nih eihmuarnak doh ding ah zeibantuk thil dah a tuah awk a si, ti mi ka ruahnak zong ka langhter chih.

Eihmuarnak le Ṭuanvo laknak He Pehtlai in Myanmar Dirhmun

Eihmuar Dohnak Upadi (Anti-corruption Law) an ser hnu in Kawl ram Eihmuar Dohnak Bu (Anti-corruption Commission of Myanmar) sin ah report a phan mi dihlak hi 29,209 tiang a phan. Kum 2014 in 2017 kar chung ah case dihlak 4675 report tuah a si i kum 2018 in 2020 (September, 2020) chung ah case dihlak 24,534 a si. Hitluk report a tam mi nih kan ram ah eihmuarnak a tam tuk hringhran ko, ti mi hi fiang tein a langhter.

Hi vialte report tuah mi chung ah case tlawmpal te lawng Anti-corruption Commission(ACC) nih a dothlat i a chekhlai khawh. Tahchunhnak ah, 2019 in September 2020 kar chung vialte report tuah mi case dihlak 5,064 chung ah ACC nih a kherhhlai khawh mi case dihlak cu 97 lawng a si. Cun, 797 hi ramṭhen le ramkulh Cozah sin ah a kuat chin. Chin Ramkulh Cozah sin zong ah case pahnih an kuat hna.

Sihmanhsehlaw, Chin Ramkulh Cozah sin kuat mi case zei bantuk dirhmun ah dah a um, ti hi theih a harnak pakhat le ACC lila nih report tuah mi chung ah case tlawmpalte lawng a kherhhlainak pawl nih hin kan ram ah ṭuanvo laknak (accountability) a tlawm tuk, ti mi hi fiang tein a langhter.

Kum 2010-2020 Fianhlanghnak Le Myanmar Cozah Dirhmun

Vawleipi huap, fianhlanghnak tuahtu phu (Transparency International) nih a tuah mi “Corruption Perception Index (CPI)” data zoh tikah a fiang mi pakhat cu Myanmar ram ah eihmuarnak hi tlawm deuh loin a tam deuh thluahmah rih, ti mi hi a si.

Anti-corruption Law an ser kum 2014 ah Myanmar ram caah CPI score hi 21% a si (100 ah 21 tinak a si). Kum 2015 ah pakhat in a kai caah CPI score 22 a si i 2016 ah paruk in a kai i CPI score 28 a hmuh. Cu bantuk ṭhiamṭhiam in 2017 ah pahnih in a kai rih i Myanmar CPI score cu 30 tiang a hung kai. 2014 le 2017 kar chung ah Myanmar ram chung eihmuarnak lei thil sining a hung i ning deuh ngai, ti khawh a si.

Nain 2018 in 2019 ah Myanmar ram CPI score a ṭum chuk ṭhan. 2018 ah pakhat in a ṭum i Myanmar CPI score cu 28 ah a tla. Kum 2019 bel ah ṭum zong a ṭum lo i kai zong a kai lo. Myanmar ram CPI a score a ṭum tikah zei ruangah, tiah biahalnak a um kho. Hi bantuk in CPI score a ṭumnak a ruang tampi lakah pahnih hna: eihmuarnak report tuah mi case a tam deuh caah a si, kan ti khawh. Pahnihnak ah, eihmuarnak report tuah mi pawl cung ah Cozah nih zei tluk dah ṭuanvo a lak khawh, ti mi pawl cung zong ah aa hngat mi a si.

2017-2018 ah Chinbridge Institute tuah mi dothlatnak cu “People, Trust and Government: Chin Public’s Perceived and Experienced Level of Corruption” ti mi tlangtar he chuah a rak si. Hi cathanh ah kan hmuh khawh mi cu Hakha ah khua a sa mi Chinmi nih Myanmar ram chung ah Chin Ramkulh ah hin eihmuarnak a tam bik tiah an ruah, ti mi hi a si. Hi dothlatnak ah biahal mi mipi tam-u nih Chin Ramkulh Cozah cu a eihmuar tuk, eihmuarnak dohnak ah an thazaang a der tuk, vuanci dihlak in an eihmuar i tender ah eihmuarnak a tam, tiah an ruah ti mi hmuhchuah a si.

Myanmar ram chung ah eihmuarnak a tamnak a ruang tampi lakah zalong tein thawngpang lak, samh le peknak nawl a tlawm mi he tampi aa pehtlai mi a si. Phun dang in kan chim rih ahcun chimphuan-zalonnak cu eihmuarnak tlawmternak caah a biapi tuk mi fianhlanghnak he aa sengtlai mi an si, kan ti khawh.

Chin Digest_Vol 6, No. 4_Cover

Myanmar Ram Ah Zalong Tein Chimphuan-Zalonnak A Zorchuk

Chimphuan-zalonnak he pehtlai in Myanmar ram dirhmun hi Reporters Without Borders ti mi bu nih kum fatin report an tuah mi zoh ah hin fiang tein theih khawh a si.

Reporters Without Borders nih Myanmar ram chung ah chimphuan-zalonnak kong he pehtlai in kum 2013 in 2019 ca tiang data a ngei. An data ning in ka van langhter ahcun Myanmar ram chung ah chimphuan-zalonnak hi 2014 in a kai cho thluahmah. Zalonnak a tam thluahmah. Nain 2017 ahcun a ṭumchuk thluahmah ṭhan, ti hi theih khawh a si.

Kum 2013-2017 kar ah chimphuan-zalonnak lei in Myanmar ram cu a hung ṭhangcho thluahmah. Kum 2013 vawlei cung ram 180 chung ah chimphuan-zalonnak lei a tlawm bik ram 151 nak ah a um nain zalonnak a van tam chin thluahmah tikah 2015 4 ah 145 nak, 2015 ah 144 nak, 2016 ah 143 nak, 2017 ah 131 nak tiang a ṭhangcho.

Nain 2018 in ṭumchuk hram aa thawk ṭhan i 2018 ah vawleicung ram 180 chung ah 137 nak a si ṭhan i 2019 ah 138 nak a si (2020 caah data a um rih lo). Cucaah, Myanmar ram chung ah chimphuan-zalonnak a tlawm deuh thluahmah, ti hi kan hmuh khawh mi a si.

Chimphuan-zalonnak (freedom of expression) kan ti tikah zalong tein thawng zamh, chimrel, pek le lak khawhnak nawl pawl kha aa tel dih. Hi bantuk zalonnak a um lonak ahcun eihmuarnak a tam i  fianhlanghnak a tlawm deuh, ti mi hi cu el awk a har ngai mi thil pakhat a si.

Zeiruangah Chin Ramkulh Ah Eihmuarnak A Tam?

Ziknawh eihmuarnak a tamnak a ruang cu a phunphun in langhter khawh a si i a ruang tampi a um kho mi a si. A tanglei hi Chin Ramkulh sining he aa tlak bik asiloah Chin Ramkulh ah eihmuarnak a tamnak a ruang bik a si, tiah ka ruah mi pali ka langhter.

Pakhatnak ah, ziknawh eihmuarnak a tam khunnak a ruang cu Cozah rianṭuantu hna an nihlawh a tlawm tuk caah a si, ti hi a si. Kan ram sining zoh tikah, tahchunhnak ah ei man, inn man le mei man hna tuak ahcun kan nihlawh hi a tlawm tuk rengreng. Cucaah U Win Myint nih President a tlinnak a ni khatnak ah Cozah rianṭuantu nihlawh ka kaih lai, tiah biatiam a rak chim. U Thein Tun Oo, USDP i chimrelnak nawlngeitu zong nih “ziknawh eihmuarnak hloh ding ahcun rianṭuantu pawl nih a zatawk in nihlawh an hmuh bak a hau,” tiah a rak ti ve. Cu ve bantuk ṭhiamṭhiam in Aung San Suu Kyi zong nih a ti ve, aa thawh i “ziknawh eihmuarnak hi a tlawm tuk mi, a za lo mi nihlawh in ai thawk mi a si,” tiah tukum ah Singapore um Myanmar ram mi pawl he tonnak a rak ngeih lioah a rak chim ve. Cucu a dik tuk mi a si nain a za lo mi nihlawh “lawng” in ziknawh hi aa thawk, kan ti ahcun kan palh kho ṭhiamṭhiam rih. Khuasak tuntuk a ṭha tuk ko mi rianṭuantu cheukhat zong nih ziknawh an lak tuk ve i an eihmuar tuk ve, ti zong hi a dik mi a si ve.

Pahnihnak ah langhter ka duh mi cu ziknawh hi a tlawm mi nihlawh lawng he aa pehtlai mi si lem loin lungput (le nuncan ziaza) he naihniam ngai in aa pehtlai mi thil pakhat a si ve, ti hi a si. Eihmuarnak le lungput aa pehtlaih ning hi a tlangpi in phun hnih in ka hmuh khawh. Pakhatnak ah, eihmuarnak kha kan tuah lengmang i kum sau nawn a hung rauh tikah eihmuarnak cu zei pipa ah ruah a si ti lo, a phung a si ko ti mi lungput in zoh a si cang tikah a nehhnu ahcun nun ning pakhat bantukin a hung i cang lan.

Tahchunhnak ah, tender company a ngeitu Salai Cepa nih tender ngah a duh caah vuanci sin ah tangka sing sawm nga laksawng a va pek, cu bantuk cu ziknawh a si nain vuanci zong nih ziknawh ah a ruat ti lo i Salai Cepa zong nih ziknawh ah a ruat ti lo, tibantuk kha ka chim duh mi a si. Hi bantuk ziknawhnak hi Chinmi cheukhat nih cun ziknawh ah an ruat lem lo, laksawng menmen ah ruah a si. Eihmuarnak le lungput an i pehtlaihnak pahnihnak cu lungput ṭha lo hrimhrim kha a si ko. A ṭha lo, a dik lo, ti theih ko bu in mah pumpak miaknak, ṭhatnak le hlawknak caah chawva hmang in siseh, nawlngeihnak hmang in siseh mipi tangka asiloah mipi ngeih mi thilri, vawlei le thil dangdang ningcang loin hman kha a si.

Cucaah, ziknawh eihmuarnak cu nihlawh a tlawm ruangah a chuak mi thil lawng si loin lungput le nuncan ziaza he aa pehtlai mi thil pakhat a si ve, ti hi a fiang tuk mi a si.

Pathumnak ah langhter ka duh mi cu Chin ramkulh he aa pehtlai deuh mi a si. December 2017 ah Carson Hall ah Chin State Development Actors’ Conference tuah a rak si i cu lio ah Chin Ramkulh Hluttaw Speaker Pu Zo Bawi nih Chin ramkulh ah eihmuarnak a tam khunnak a ruang cu ramkulh le ramṭhen dangdang ah a dingfel lo deuh mi, a zualhma deuh mi pawl dantat can ah Chin ramkulh ah an rak ṭhial hna caah a si, ti mi a rak langhter. Pu Zo Bawi nih aa thawh i cu bantuk minung cu Chin ramkulh ah an rak chiah hna caah Chin ramkulh cu “hnawm hlonhnak hmun” ah ai cang, tiah a rak ti. A chim duh mi cu cu bantuk minung a fel deuh lo mi paoh dan pek can ah Chin ramkulh ah an rak chiah hna tikah Chin ramkulh Cozah rianṭuantu cu a fel lo mi an tam i Chin ramkulh ah ziknawh eihmuarnak a tam khunnak hi a si, ti hi a si ko.

Cucu a dik ngai mi a lo. Sihmanhsehlaw, ramkulh le ramṭhen dangdang in a rak ra lo mi, Chin mi a si mi Chin Cozah rianṭuantu pawl cheukhat cu ziknawh eihmuarnak in an thianghlim ko maw, ti mi biahalnak hi a phi pek ṭhan a herh ti lo mi biahalnak a si, tiah ka ruah. Cucaah, Pu Zo Bawi a chim mi hi za ah za cohlan awk a ṭha bak lo mi a si.

Palinak ah, ziknawh eihmuarnak kong hi upadi mit in zoh ve a herh tuk. Zeicatiah, a ṭhawngṭha mi upadi a um lonak ram ahcun ziknawh a tam khun tawn. Kum 2013 ah Eihmuarnak Dohkhamnak Upadi Cozah nih a ser i kum 2018 zong ah tam ngai an remh chap. Nain nihin kan ngeih mi Eihmuarnak Dohkhamnak Upadi hi a der tuk rih. Upadi ṭhawnter deuh a herh i a dangdang upadi in dirhṭhoh zong a herh. Cutin kan tuah lawnglawng ah ziknawh eihmuarnak hi kan i ruahchan bantukin kan ram ah a tlawm deuh lai. Cucaah, Eihmuarnak Dohkhamnak Upadi ṭhawnter a herh.

Myanmar Rampi Caah Ruahnak Cheuhnak

Ruahnak hi kan chim seh ti ahcun tampi chim khawh a si nain a tanglei ah a biapi deuh tiah ka ruah mi tlawmpal ka langhter.

  1. Freedom of Information Acts: eihmuarnak doh ding ah cun freedom of information act ṭha tein ser a hau. Zalong tein thawng zamh, chimrel le lak khawhnak nawl a um lonak ram ah eihmuarnak doh ti mi cu hrihram a ngei tuk lo mi thil pakhat a si.
  2. Open ACC Regional Offices: Myanmar Anti-corruption Rule ah a um mi cu ramṭhen le ramkulh kip ah Anti-corruption Commission Office on ding, ti mi hi a si. Nain tutiang ah Mandalay lawng ah an chap kho rih, ti hi theih a si. Chin ramkulh tel in ramkulh le ramṭhen dangdang ah regional office ṭha tein on hi a biapi tuk.
  3. Anti-corruption Education: Public administration cawnnak a umnak sianginn siseh, a um lonak sianginn le sianghleirun pawl ah corruption kong cawnnak an chap dih awk a si. Hi zong hi Anti-corruption Rule ah tuah ding in ṭial khumh cang mi a si.
  4. Anonymity in Reporting and Whistleblowing: Min theih loin report tuah khawhnak mechanism ser a hau. Anti-corruption Rule kan zoh ahcun eihmuarnak case report tuah duh ahcun min, NRC number le umnak address tiang fiang tein telh chih lawng ah a ngah. Cu bantuk an konglam tawi aa tel lo mi report cu hnonpiak khawh a si. Cucu thil ṭha a si lo. Cucaah, min theih loin report tuah khawhnak mechanism ser a hau i a um cia mi anti-corruption law le rule zong hi remh a hau.

Chin Ramkulh Caah Ruahnak Cheuhnak

  1. Chin Parliament Anti-corruption Committee: Chin Parliament nih committee pariat a ngei, nain anti-corruption committee ti mi a um rih lo. 2008 phunghrampi nih ramkulh parliament nawl a pek mi chung ah aa tel mi cu parliamentary committee pawl sernak nawl hi a si. Cucaah, 2020 pinlei ahcun Chin Parliament ah Anti-corruption Committee ningcang tein serchuah a biapi tuk. Cu bantuk in ser a si ahcun mipi teltumnak papek a ṭha.
  2. E-governance: Chin ramkulh Cozah nih kum fatin dengmang hi e-governance hi papek policy ah a chiah peng nain e-governance he pehtlai in zeihmanh an tuah hlei lo, ti khawh a si. Parliament website an ser, Cozah website an ser i cheukhat zung pawl websites an ser hna lawng a si i a ṭhahnem mi websites dirhmun ah an phakter lo pin ah website ser sawhsawh hi e-governance ti mi i a muru a si naisai lo, ti hi theih a biapi. Cucaah, a ra lai mi Cozah nih e-governance hi biatak deuh papek a herh. Fianhlanghnak caah a biapi tuk mi thil a si.
  3. E-petition: Chin Parliament nih a website ah e-petition a tuah ding a si. E-petition in mipi nih social, health, education le a dangdang kongkau tampi petition tuah khawh nakding tiang in an i zuam a biapi tuk hringhran. Thil pakhatkhat kong kha mipi lei nih petition an tuah tikah minung 1,000 nih min an thut ahcun Parliament Meeting ah ceihpiak an si lai, an ti khawh ahcun parliament le mipi pehtlainak a ṭha chinchin lai i parliament cu mipi palai taktak a sinak kha hmuh khawh a si lai.

Caṭialtu Konglam

Salai Van Cung Lian cu Hakha um mi dothlatnak tuahtu pakhat a si i University of Birmingham (England) in 2016 ah MA in Religion, Politics and Society a lak hnu ah 2017 kum ah Chin Christian University ah Visiting Scholar. Nihin ah Chinbridge Institute ah Strategic Parntership Advisor le Victoria Academy ah Principal a ṭuan lio mi a si.

Chin Digest Vol. 6, No. 4 (November 2020) ah chuah mi a si. Cauk a phanh khawh lo nak a tam caah Online in thazaang a kan petu caah kan rak thlah ṭhan mi a si. ~ Editor

 

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