Sagaing Ram Ah Ralhmun An Sernak A Ruang Part -1
Salai Khin Maung Thein- Ed.D (Education)
Sagaing ram Geopolitics
Nifatin minung khuasak nunning he aa pehtlaimi pawncawnnak le kokkek thilsining vialte le Vawlei cung khua le ram uknak he pehtlaining hruainak le ramri kong cawnnak ah Political Geography, Raldohnak he aa pehtlaimi cawnnak cu Military Geography, Khua le ram cio kip milu a karh ning le ram cheukhat ah milu kharh lo in an zor lei panhnak a ruang cawnnnak (Migration) hna le minung hna riantuanning (Occupational Structure) le nifa tein nuncan ning cawnnak (Population Geography) le Demography kong he aa pehtlai mi Ethnography, Historical Geography, Urban Geography, Linguistic Geography ti in phun tampi cawnnak an um. A tu Sagaing ram Geopolitics ah milu, miphun hna le raldohnak kong ka vun langhter lai.
Sagaing ram Milu le Hmunhma
Sagaing ram cu Myanmar ram south-west (Thlang lei nitlak) ah a ummi a si.Myanmar chung ah Shan State dih in a ngan mi peng pi a si hlei ah Division pa 7 lak zong ah a ngan cem mi a si rih. 593.527 sq. kilometer a kau i Myanmar ram um 14% dihlak huap mi peng a si i Hungery (or) Potugy ram ngawt te a ngan. Sagaing ram chung milu dihlak 5,325,345 ah pa milu 2,516,949 le nu milu 2,516,949 an um.
Pengkomh 10 a um. Mah hna cu Sagaing pengkomh, Shwebo pengkomh, Monywa pengkomh, Katha pengkomh, Kalay pengkomh, Tamu pengkomh, Mawlaik pengkomh, Hkati pengkomh, Yinmarbin pengkomh le Kanbalu pengkomh hna an si. Township ti mi peng dihlak 37, Sub-Town ti mi Myo dihlak fonh ah 46, khuapi chungmi sang (Ward) 229 le Village Tracts Ohsuh 1,761 le khua te dihlak 6,504 an um. (2014 census).
Special mah te uk nak nawl a ngei mi Naga ah Peng-Town pathum um mi Lahe, Lashe le Nan Won hna an um. North Latitude 22’16’ le 23’41 kar, East Longitue 93’57’ le 94’46’ kar ah a um. Sagiang Division hi India ram he ramri a tlai mi Nagaland Ashunachepayadah,Manipur State he ai tlai. Kachin ramkulh, Shan ramkulh, Magwe ramthen, Chin ram le Mandalay ram he ai tlai mi peng a si. Sagiang ram ramri hna cu Thlanglei hi Nawmtha vawlei tam pi an um. Chaklei (Northern part) ah tlang sang hna an um.Thlanglei nawmtam nak vawlei cu ruah pi a tlawm. A bik in pawcawmnak caah thlaicin nak vawlei tha a si i ruah ti a tlawm ngai. A linhnak hmun (Dry Zone) ah a um. BatKone tlang, Naga tlangthluang hna nih India Chaklei ni chuak ummi State le Division he ramri tannak dirhmun ah a um mi tlang hna an um. 3826 meter a sang mi (NuaiMuak) tlang cu Mynamar tlangsang pakhat chungtel a si ve mi a si. Myanmar ram a a ngan cem mi Ayeyawady le a changtu ah Chindwin river ngan hna cu Sangian division ah an luang.
2013-2014 kum Peng 4 ah Thanchonnak (development) fund hman ning le sifak chung in bawmhnak, Khuate thanchonnak fund le Hlutdaw he aa pethlaimi thanchonak fund dihlak hmanmi ah minung pakhat kyat 3,600 (US dolar 3.6) cio a si. Sihmahsehlaw minung pakhat a dih mi hmunhning ah Kalaywa peng kyat 8,812 (dollar 8.7), Kantbalu peng kyat 1,450 (US dollar 1.5) le Myone wya peng 908 kyat (US. dollar 1) le La He peng kyat 35,660 (US dollar 35.6) cio nih a hmunh.
Geopolitics ah Ramchung Miphun A Biapi Bik
Shan miphun Kabaw-rawn an phanh hi AD-1280 hrawng in an tuak i atu ‘Khampat khua’ khi anmah min bunh mi a si, a hlan ahcun Khampat khua khi Duh Lian khua an rak ti an ti. Shan pawl nih Chimi an pulhtlawh ‘or’ an hnursuan tuk hna ruangah atu Zomi (Tedim) pawl hi hawihlan ah tlangram lei an panh i Cimnuai hmun AD-1300 zelzam ah an phan. AD-1374 in Kabaw uktu ding ah Sawbua (mangbawi) KyiTaungNgio a hung phanh hnu in Shan nih Chin an zomhteih ning a zual-hma tuk cang i an temhtuar ning a zual chin lengmang tik ah “salchia-nuntang, thihhri-khurhuat” in khua an sa ti a si. Cu ruangah Laimi le Mizo-Lusei pawl zong Kabaw nelrawn cu chuahtaak in tlangram lei an panh ve ti a si. Tlangram an panh lio ah hin mah le umnak zawn cio in an kal i hmaisa deuh le hmanung deuh in an pok hna ti a si. Mizo-Lusei pawl tlangram an phanhnak nehnang hlun bik hmun cu a tu Hualngo ram Seipi khua khi a si i minung nehnang chekhlatnak in an zoh tikah AD-1450 lio hrawng in an pom. Laimi tlangram an nehnang hlun bik hmun cu a tu Simpi khua khi a si i an zoh tik ah AD-1450 hrawng in an pom ve. Laimi Simpi khua i an rak um lio ah hin (Inn-800) an rak si an ti.Hi hmun in a tu *LAILUN* timi hmun hi an hun panh ti a si. Lailun lungkua le a pawngkam meng (5) vuakvel chung hi minung nehnang an chekhlat tikah AD-1560 hlan ah Minung nih an rak pal bal lo timi an theih.
Chin Miphun tuanbia ah kan chim peng m i“Khampat” ti hi Shan holh a si i a sullam cu “Sui`hi” tinak a si. Inwa (Ava) siangpahrang, Minkyi-sua-saw-ke fapa pakhatnak Mingaung (Pa`hamah Mingaung) chan ah Khampat Sawbwa Saw Mainglung nih kum tin chiah a rak cawi mi hi sui`hi kual khat lengmang a rak si ti a si. Cu ri cun Mingala Khampat tiah, nihin ni tiang auh a si thai. Kawl holh cun Shwe-pa-di-myo-daw ti a si. Khampat khua hi tuanbia sau taktak a ngei. Hitihin a tuanbia cauk ah an ṭial:
Buddhist Era (BE) 92 kum ah Kissa Raja Siangpahrang nih a rak ser i a min ah Pan-yu-pan-ya an ti. Cucu zeican a dir ti an chim lo, a rawk i, an rak dirh hmasa nak in kum 151 hnu ah a voihnihnak cu BE 243 ah Sri Dhamma Thawka siangpahrang nih a ser ṭhan i a min ah Pan-yu-pan-san an ti. Cu zong cu a rawk ṭhan i a voihnih nak an dirh in kum 473 hnu ah Sawbwa Saw Nyi Kham nih BE 716 kum, ~abaung (March?) thlapa lai, Cawn nithum ni, ni chirh kua a si bak ah a voi thumnak a tlak i a naupa Saw Lung Kham kha a ukter. Hi a voithumnak an tlak hnu, Saw Nyi Kham le Saw Lung Kham hna unau, Saw Maing Lung sawbwa a si lioah, a cunglei i kan ṭial cang bang khan, Khampat timi min a put hramthok nak cu a si. Cun Kawl siangpahrang Bodaw Phaya chan AD 1774 kum, Sawbwa ~hamung Ngasan Sawbwa a si lioah Kuki Chin nih Khampat cu an hong chim i ~hamung Ngasan cu Chindwin tiva kam Panyu khuate ah a zam ti a si.
Cu lio i a khua hmun cu atu Khampat ni chuahlei i kawl khua khi a rak si i, nihin ni tiang an nehnang a tang rih mi cu khua kulhnak vampang hram (foundation) le pura hlunpi pathum an si. Pura cu atu ah an tharchuah ṭhan cang hna. A chan lio ahcun khua lipi ngaingai a rak si i, chaklei ah Sedi, thlanglei ah Yezagyo ramri tiang; nichuahlei ah Thallawady (Chindwin) tivapi laifang tiang, nitlaklei ah Chin State le Manipur ramri tiang, a peng a rak si.
Shan Miphun Umnak Sagaing Ram
Sagaing ram chung ah Kawl miphun an tam cem. Kawl miphun pawl cu a linhnak hmun Ayeyawady tiva kam ah khuasa deuh mi an si. Shwebo, Monywa le Sagaing pengkulh pathum cu Myanmar tuanbia chung tel khua hlun ngai ngai an si. Chindwin (upper Chindwin) tiva a cung lei peng hrawng a um mi Khanthi pengkulh chung um peng hna hlei ah a bik in Katha pengkomh chung um, Kawlin, Wantu, Pinlaybu khua hna hi Shan miphun an rak si nain hlan kum 10 hlan te khan Kawl miphun sinak an ID card zoh tik ah Kawl miphun nih a dolh hna caah a si. Phungdang in chim ahcun Shan miphun an rak si nain Kawlm iphun sinak an lak tinak a si ko. 2016 kumzabu 21st zabu pawnglong conference lio a nithum nak ni ah TaiLai (Shan Ni National Development party) chungtuan Sai Thee Aung nih, Kalay, Tamu, Mawleik, KhanHti, Bamaw, MoeHnine, Myitkyina, Kata peng dihlak ah peng 8 hi ShanNi State pakhat ah kan chiah piak uh tiah a rak chim. Ruah awktlak bia a si. Mah conference a dih hnu can tlawmpal ah Homalin khua Shanni pawl nih lam zawhnak le mipi aunak an rak ngei bal. A ruang cu mah peng hrawng vialte hi Shan miphun ram a rak si tiah an ti.
Kawlin Khua An Lak
Katha pengkomh chung um, Kawlin khua hi Mandalay lam, Kachian lei kalnak tlanglawng lam pi le Khanhti –Shan miphun an tamnak hmun lei kalnak ah lamton pakhat khua a si. Myanmar ram February 1, 2021 kum ralkap cozah nih uknak an lak in hmunkip ah hriamtlai in ral an tho, SAC le mipi ralkap kahdoh a si. 2023 kum November 6 ni ah Myanmar ram hmunlai (Burma miphun an umnak) ah mipi ralkap nih an lakhmasa bik mi cu Kawlin khua a si. Unau hawikom phu 3 komh in Tlangcung ram Shanram ah peng-Myo 4 an lak ve.
Sagaing ramthen pengkip hmunkip ah SAC ralkap sakhan cu November 3, 2023 ah tlangcung hriamtlai ERO le PDF mipi ralkap hna nih kahdohnak an tuah theih a si. Upper Sagaing hmun, Kawlin, Wontu, Pinlebu, Chettin, Kata, Bamouk, Htigyaing, Kantbalu, Zikung, Kyunhla le peng kip ah SAC sakhan kahnak an tuah hi a si .
November 3, zing 4:00am ah thawk mi Kawlin khuachung um ralkap umnak palek sakhan, GAD zung, No. 1 High School kahdohnak ah Palek sakhan le No. 1 High school ah hmun a khuar mi sakhan, GAD zung le Kawlin khuachung vialte cu November 6 ah an lak khawh cang.
A tawinak in kan chim a si ahcun nihin Khuapau dohthlennak ah Sagaing ramthen hi Myanmar ram hmun lai a si bantukin mizei paoh nih an thinlung in an ngair cem bik mi a si tiah hmuh khawh a si.
Part-2 peh ṭhan te ding
