Rakhine Ramkulh Ah Chin Miphun Kong (Part 1)
Salai Mangpau
Frontier Areas
Frontier Areas ti mi cu Ministerial or proper Burma chung ah a um lo mi, Mirang kuttang a um fawn mi (Karenni State bantuk zong a si fawn ṭtung lo mi) areas pawl kha Frontier Areas tiah auh a si. Frontier Areas an rak tuah hnawh chan hi a ruang tampi a um. Mirang nih Frontier Areas um miphun pawl an rak tuk hna lio ah anmah Mirang le Ramuk bawi karlak ah hnatlaknak a ngeih ning in an tuah mi a si. Cu pin ah Frontier Areas um miphun cheukhat cu nelrawm um mi Kawl le Vai pawl kha an va tukthah lengmang hna ruang ah Frontier Areas minung pawl nelrawn rat lo nak ding ah ti in an khamnak hna zong a si fawn. Chin miphun ca ahcun Chin Hills Regulation Act (1896) ti in daan pakhat an siam i, cu daan ning cun Mirang nih uk a si. Hi daan nih hin Mizoram siseh, Naga Hills siseh a rak huap. Independence ngah hnu ahcun hi daan hmang in Miphun dang tu tlangcung ah kailo nakhnga atu tiang India um Nagaland le Mizoram States nih cun an hman thai. Miphun dang nih Nagaland le Mizoram tlawn duh ahcun Inner Line Permit neih lawng ah tlawn khawh a si. Frontier Areas hi Part I le Part II ti in phun hnih ah ṭhen a si. Frontier Areas ah cun anmah phung ning tein an i ngeih mi bawi (Traditional chief) nih khan a uk hna. Governor tu nih ruahnak a pek hna. Ministerial Burma ah cun Governor nih direct in a uk hna.
Frontier Areas Um Chin Miphun hna
Union of Burma ahhin Chin miphun hi a hlan tein darh ngai in kan rak um hna. Acheu cu nelrawn ah (Tahchunhnak ah Asho Chin), acheu cu tlangcung ah, acheu cu tiva kam ti in kan um hna. Cucaah Fronteir Areas chung ah a ummi Chin miphun hna cu hmun hnih ah an kan ṭhen. Pakhatnak cu Chin Hills District ti a si, a pahnihnak cu Arakan Hill Tracts tiah auh a si. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) report ning ahcun a hmun kauh ning le milu (1941 census ning) cu a tanglei bantukin a si. (Hi milu data hi 1941 ah census an tuah nain a voihnihnak vawlei ralpi lio ah data vialte a tlau. 1931 census chirchan in 1941 ah milu karh kho ding mi ruahdamh in an tuah mi a si.).
“Kanpetlet Subdivision in the south of the District has close ties with the neighboring Chin population in Ministerial Burma” ti in a tang ah an ṭial chih. Cucaah Chin Hills District pin ah Chin miphun cheukhat cu Ministerial Burma chung ah an um rih tinak a si.
Arakan Hill Tracts
Area: 3543 Square Miles, Population: 34,000
Population by Races:
Chins: 25,772 or 75.8%
Others: 4624 or 13.6%
Burma Group: 3,570 or 10.6%
“The Burma Group of the population who are Arakanese Buddhists nearly all live in southern part the tract bordering to Arakan Division.” ti in a tanglei ah a chapchih. Others a ti mi hna hi zei miphun ti cu theih a si lo nain, Arakan Hills Tract chung ahcun Rakhine pawl hi 10% fai lawng an um ti cu a fiang ngai.
A cung data pawl zohnak in a fiang mi cu Frontier Areas chung ah a um mi “Arakan Hills Tract” ti cu a hmun min (name of area) a si. Arakan ram tinak a si lo. Chin miphun pawl umnak, Chinland ramkulh chung tinak fiang tein a langhter. Hi area chung ah Rakhine miphun cu barawh zatte lawng an um. Report of Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE). Panglong Agreement kong kan chim tikah amah Panglong agreement lawng in chim le rel hi a si tawn. A taktak ah cun Panglong Agreement timi cu amah pikpak in a ummi hnatlaknak (stand alone document) a si lo.
Panglong Agreement kan ti tikah Aungsan-Atlee hnatlaknak, le Report of Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry he relchih a hau mi a si. Zeiruang kan ti ahcun Bochuk Aung San nih Mirang cozah sin ah independence a hal hna tikah Proper Burma ca lawng si lo in British-Burma pumpi independence nan kan pek lai tiah a rak ti hna. Cu tik ah Mirang Cozah nih Frontier Areas ah a um mi miphun hna ruahnak le duhthimnak hal ding in Aung San-Atlee hnatlaknak ah an ttialchih (Article-8). Panglong agreement cu government of Burma in aiawhtu Bochuk Aung San le Frontier Areas um miphun aiawhtu hruaitu hna karlak hnatlaknak a si. Cu hnatlaknak ning cun Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) zong an rak dirh. FACE nih aa tinh bik mi cu Frontier Areas ah a ummi miphun nih zeibantukin dah Proper Burma he an i fonh ning a si lai, a tawinak cun ram uknak phunghram (Constitution) ser/ttial tikah zeibantuk in dah siter an duh timi theih nakding ah hlathlainak an tuahmi a si.
FACE pawl nih Frontier Areas ummi miphun aiawhtu pawl tonbiaruahnak cu Rangoon le Maymyo ah an tuah. Chin Hills District pawl cu Maymyo ah an ton hna. Arakan Hills Tract pawl cu Rangoon ah tonbiaruahnak an ngei hna. FACE nih Arakan Hills Tract in an ton mi hna cu phu 4 ah an ṭhen hna:
(A) Khumi and Lakher Chins: 1) Htat Ling 2) Tung Aung 3) Htin Kon 4) Pat Wai 5) Theitu
(B) Lanpu Mro Chins: 1) Lampu
(C) Muang Hmyar Lemro Chin: 1) Mang Hmyar
(D) Arakan Hills Tract A.F.P.F.L: 1) Tun Mra 2) Saw Hla
FACE report ṭialning a tawinak in chim ahcun “Arakan Hills Tract in Chin miphun aiawhtu hna nih cun Chin Hills District he hmunkhat ah i fonh kan duh, chaklei Chin miphun nih a ti mi paoh kan hna a tla, Federal Union chung ah State in kan um lai an ti zong ah kan hna a tla, Akyab district chung ah um cu kan duh lo” ti a si. Khumi le Lakher Chins aiawhtu hna nih cun “hi tonbiaruahnak kan rat hlan ah kan hmunpi a simi Paletwa ah mipi biaruahnak kan ngei. Cu biaruahnak ahcun mipi nih Akyab district ah i fonh lo ding in hnatlaknak kan ngei” ti in fiang tein an chimchap. Asinain, Arakan Hills Tract AFPFL nih cun “kan nih cun Burma Group a si mi Rakhine kan si, Burma ministerial he i fonh kan duh, kanmah tein district kan duh lo” tiin an ruahnak an chim ve. (Report of FACE page 92-98).
A cunglei FACE report kan zoh tikah Arakan Hills Tract um Chin miphun hna cu hmun dang um Chinmi hna he hmunkhat in i fonh in umtti an duh. Asinain, Arakan pawl nih cun Kawl pawl he i fonh an duh. Pahnihnak ah Paletwa hi an hmunpi (Headquarters) tiin Chin miphun nih cun an rak ruah mi a si. Akyab district a si lo ah Rakhine he i fonh hi cu an rak duh hrimhrim lo ti mi cu hruaitu lawng si lo in mipi zong nih an duh lo mi a si. Pathumnak ah FACE he tonbiaruahnak ah a kal mi Chin miphun aiawhtu hna hi Ram ukbawi pawl an si hna nain, Arakan cu A.F.P.F.L party aiawh an si. A sining ai khat mi an si lo. Arakan Hills Tract chung ah a rak um mi Rakhine pawl hi Kaladan tiva kap ah ngatlai, dum tuah in a paw a cawm mi hna, khua le lo tuah lo in a rak vaivak mi pawl an si caah Ram ukbawi hna an ngeih lonak zong cu a si.
Mirang kai hlan Burma Ramkulh tuanbia kan zoh ah siseh, Mirang uknak tang tuan bia kan zoh ah siseh, independence khel lio tuanbia kan zoh ah siseh chim khawh mi (conclusion) cu:
(1) Rakhine miphun hi 1784 hnu cun ram (country) an ngei ti lo.
(2) Arakan Hills Tract ti mi cu hmunhma min sawhsawh a si. Arakan pen mi, a si lo ah Arakan ram tinak pakhat hmanh a si lo.
(3) Nihin Chin State ramri hi Chinland dihlak si lo in a cheuchum lawng a si. Chinland ti mi a huap thlu rih lo.
(4) Chin miphun kan sinak hi fing le tlang, tiva nih siseh, holh le phung nih siseh, miphun dang nih siseh an kan ṭhen kho lai lo.
Khatleikap in kan chim ahcun Paletwa cu Rakhine he fing le tlang in siseh, thi le sa in siseh, phun le hram in siseh, holh le phung in siseh pehtlaihnak zeihmanh a ngei mi a si lo. Cu caah 1947 Constitution in nihin ni tiang Chin Special Division/Chin Sate chung ah a umnak a si. Rakine miphun cu 1974 Constitution lawng in State bing a ngei mi an si. Paletwa cu Chinland a si nak a si.
Paletwa Peng Uk Ning Cang
Arakan Army (AA) a chuah hnu, a bik in AA le kawl ralkap i tuknak a um hnu in Rakhine miphun pawl nih Paletwa hi kan ram a si ti in biatak tein an au. Rakhine miphun pawl nih Paletwa hi Rakhine ram a si ti in an aw a chuahnak hi atu lawng ah a si lo, kha hlan zong ah khan a rak chuak cang mi a si. Free Ranger Burma (FRB) nih chuah mi anmah cawlcanghnak zong ah Rakhine pawl nih Paletwa, Arakan State ti in an rak chuah. Kanmah Chin miphun a si lo mi nih FRB pawl kha nan palh an rak ti hna. Cu hnu cun FRB nih an chuah mi ca paoh ah Paletwa cu Chin State ti in an ṭial ṭhan. AA pawl nih Paletwa peng chung hmun cheukhat sianginn sign-board pawl kha Chin State ti in an ṭial mi hrawh riangmang in Rakhine State tiah an thlen hna. Kan hnulei te ah khan Panglong khua ah Ethnic Youth pawl conference an tuahnak ah Arakan National party hruaitu Dr. Aye Maung nih “1953-54 hrawng ah kan Hill Tract a si mi Paletwa cu Chin Special Division ah an pek hna” ti in a chim. Facebook chung ah siseh, a dang media chung ah siseh kan rel tik ah kan thin a tok ngaingai. Rakhine pawl nih Paletwa hi kan ram a si ti in an tinak an i tlaih bik mi cu “Paletwa cu Arakan Hill Tract” chung ah a rak um mi a si” ti hi a si bik ko. Acheu nih cun Rakhine Kingdom tang ah a rak um mi a si ti zong an um.
Thazaang (Might is right) Chan
“Might is right” ti mi sullam a tawinak cun “Thazaang a ngei mi, a ṭhawng mi nih a dik zong dik lo zong ah a duh mi paoh a tuah khawh” tinak a si ko. Laiholh cun “Thazaang chan” kan ti tawn mi he khin ai lo. Vawlei ralpi a voi hnihnak tiang kha cu “might is right” ti mi hi vawleicung ah rak hman a si. Ram pumpi tuanbia (history of Union of Burma) kan zoh zong ah thazaang a ṭhawng deuh mi miphun paoh nih a der deuh mi miphun kha an va tuk hna, anmah pen ram ah an chiah hna. Rakhine miphun zong hi siangpahrang tiang ngei in ai uk ve mi miphun cu an si ko nain Kawl siangpahrang nih British kai hlan 1784 kum ah an rak tuk hna i, a pennak tang ah a chiah mi a si. British le Kawl i tuknak (First Anglo-Burmese War) ah khan Rakhine ramṭhen cu Kawl Siangpahrang nih ral sungh man (War Reparation) ah mirang kut ah a pek hna. Rakhine ramṭhen cu mirang kuttang ah 1886 ah a phan hoi.
Mirang kai hlan ahcun nihin ramkulh chung ah a um mi miphun hna lak ah Mon le Rakhine ti dah lo cu anmah tein aa uk mi miphun (independence nations) an rak si hna. Mirang nih Kawl siangpahrang Tibaw pennak ram cu 1885 ah a rak laak dih. Tibaw siangpahrang zong cu an tlaih i, India ah an kuat. Cu hnu ah ramkulh um miphun dang hna cu Mirang nih tuk hram a thawk. Kannih Chin cu 1890 hrawng in tuk hram a thawk.
British Uknak
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, le Union of Burma hi mirang chan ah British-India ti in uknak unit pakhat tang ah an rak um. Mirang nih hin uknak system a phunphun in a rak uk hna. 1937 kum ah British India cu British India le British-Burma ti in (Burma Act 1935 ning in) ṭhen a si. Nihin Union of Burma hi British nih a rak uk lio ah uknak phun thum an hman. Pakhatnak cu, Ministerial Burma asiloah Proper Burma ti zong in an auh. Cu tang ahcun Tenasserim, Arakan, Pegu le Irrawady ti in division pali ah an ṭhen hna. Pahnihnak cu Scheduled Areas asiloah Frontier Areas ti zong in auh a si. Cu hna cu Shan, Kachin le Chin hi an i tel. Pathumnak cu Karenni State (Kayah State) khi ahomanh nih ukmi ram cu a si lo nain British nih kilvennak a tuah mi a si.
Zeiruang dah a biapit?
Paletwa peng hi hmunrawn zong tampi an um, Kalatan tivapi a um caah chawleh chawzuarnak hmunhma ah a ṭha bik mi khuaram a si. Cucaah Rekhine he kan i cuh mi hmunhma zong a si, Peletwa peng chung ah hin Rakhine hi minung 20,000-30,000 kar hrawng an um lai tiah ruahdamh a si i, miphun dang zong an tam bik nak hmun a si. Ca le holh kong ah hin anmah Paletwa Khumi holh hi a hmang mi an um nain zatlang nih Kawlholh an hman bik tiah theih a si. Ruakung tampi a umnak a si i, hmailei ahcun caku sernak sehzung a hme mi phun zong tuah khawh a si te lai. Atulio ah hin cintlaknak ah Kamung le phian-uh an cin lio ti a si. Ramdang zuar awk ah vuah-uh bantukin a ṭha ve mi a si. An ram hi a niam a lumnak a si caah cakuak zuk ding khuhsii zong tampi cin khawhnak hmun a si.
Paletwa peng ah hin mawtaw lam hi khua zeihmanh ah a um lo ti tluk khi a si rih, umkalnak a har ngaingai. Tiva hi umkalnak ah an hman deuh mi a si i, a cheu tiva hna cu ṭhal caan ah an reu fawn. Cucaah hlan Democracy chan i Paletwa in Matupi tiang mawtaw lampi an cawh mi an zoh ṭhan hnu ah 2015 kumthawk hrawng khan an cawh ṭhan cang i voikhat pemh cu an lim khawh. Asinain Chintlang lam le suul cu a rawk ṭhan lengmang caah hmailei ah ṭha deuh in remh chin lengmang a hau ding mi a si. Atulio ah India nih Rekhine ram Sittwe khualipi in Kalatan (Bawinu) tiva cu Mizoram tiang tilawng kal kho ding in tiva cu a remh lai caah Paletwa khua cu Tilawng dinhnak khuapi a si ve te lai. Asinain tiva cu minung kut in remhchom mi a si lai caah a chung um thilnung (tizu ngacel) caah zeidik a lawh lai cu theih a si lo. Midang le midang karlak um a si lai caah lung karlak “mai” tenh ti hna a lo sual te lai dek maw phan a um ko’. Ṭhatnak tampi cu a chuahpi te ko lai tiah ruat ko hna usih.
Paletwa peng chung ah India le Bangladesh he chawhleh chawzuar pehtlaihnak a um te lai i, atu nakin ṭhanchonak lam a ṭha deuh te lai. Paletwa cu peng 2 ah tuah ding asilole peng 2 ah tuahpiak ding hi cu a herh. Nai kum ah khan Sami pengṭhen a um cang. Special District siter ahcun a ṭha chinchin hnga. Hi hnu hmailei zong ah Paletwa cu Chinmi hna nih kan hnakkar ah tenh khun in kan humhaak peng ding hi a biapi taktak mi a si. Miphun dang he i cuh mi hmunram ṭha a si hlei ah, Chinram chung a um mi kokek miphun hna ṭhanchonak ding caah hmunhma ṭha le chawhleh chawzuarnak hmunhma ṭha bik a si caah hriam le hnam in kilkamh a herh ahcun kan kilven awk hrimhrim a si. Nihin thawk in hmailei caan tiang Paletwa peng chung ah Chinmi nih bochan mi, hruaitu, Mi lianngan tampi chuak hna sehlaw, Chin miphun kutzapei chung ah kan vawlei cu hum zungzal si ko seh tiah thlaza kan cam.
Pehtlaihnak
Sittwe in Paletewa tiang hi 158.8Km kuakap a hla. Paletwa tiang hi tilawng hme mi an kai kho. Chinram nih tilawng dinhnak pakhat lawng kan ngei i, Paletwa lawng a si. Matupi le Paletwa hi motor in a zungzal kal khawh a si rih lo. Cucaah ka dang in hel a hau I Mindat lei in kal a hau. Mindat lei in kal ahcun a nainak bik in Km. 802.1 a hla tiah Google nih an tuak. Chinram cozah nih Paletwa-Matupi-Hakha highway hi biapi taktak in ruah le tuaktan a hau cang mi a si.
Hmailei Lampi Duah Ding
Sittwe in Paletwa hi Kaladan tiva pi zulh in Km 158 a hla. Paletwa in India ramri tiang 129Km a hla. India cozah nih Kaladan Project a tuah mi hi sipuazi le zeidang thanchonak mit in zoh ahcun, kan miphun caah a miak taktak. Hi project caah US$214 million a dih ding a si. Hi project hmanh in tangka tam tuk kan ram ah a lut ding a si. Ramri tiang India cozah nih lampi a kan pemh piak lai. Cucaah ramri in Chinmi nih saduhthah a herh ve mi cu Paletwa in Lailenpi in Hnaring in Thantlang tiang highway hi aa peh kho ding a si. Cuti tuah khawh ahcun Thantlang le Hakha peng caah sipuazi tampi a ṭhancho ter lai.
A tanglei map hi zoh u law, Hakha in Paletwa tlawn duh tik ah, Mandalay-Yangon-Sittwe in kal a rak hau. Matupi in Paletwa tlawn duh ahcun, Paletwa-Sittwe in kal hmasat i cu hnu ah motor in Kawlram lei ah va luh i Mindat lei in kal a hau. Mindat lei in kal ahcun a nainak bik in Km. 802.1 a hla tiah Google nih an tuak.
Chin State cozah nih Paletwa-Matupi-Hakha highway hi biapi taktak in ruah le tuaktan a hau cang mi a si. Kan ngakchiat lio in atutiang a si ti tluk a si. Hi cu Kawlram cozah le Chin State cozah santlaih lo bak a rak si. A tanglei map bantuk in Paletwa-Matupi hna kan kal lai ti mi cu, atu Global Village chan ahcun a si kho hrimhrim ti lo. Hi ning tein Chin State cozah hi a daithlan i a der ahcun, Paletwa hi Rakhine nih a kan chuh khawh ko.
Cucaah Paletwa-Matupi-Hakha motor lampi tha taktak tuah ding le Paletwa-Kaletwa-Lailenpi-Hnaring-Thantlang-Hakha highway tuah ding hi Chin State cozah nih vision pakhat ah aa ngeih mi si a herh. Kan ram a rum deuh tik ahcun a si kho tuk mi a si.
Atu bantuk in lampi lianlian kan tuah khawh ahcun, thilri le eidin lei cawkzorhnak ca lawng siloin khualtlawng mi (tourist) umkalmi in, tangka tampi kan hmuh lai. Zeicatiah nihin ni ah Kaladan River hi tourist nih an kal duh ngaingai mi hmunhma pakhat a si cang. A ruang pakhat cu, vawleicung tivapi vialte hi an kham dih cang cang hna i, kham bak lo in kokek tein a luang mi tivapi hi tlawmte lawng a tang cang. Kaladan River hi khamlo mi tiva lian bik panganak a si cang an ti. Cucaah hi tipvapi hi tourist caah a sunglawi chin lengmang lai i, hi Paletwa Peng hi tourist khualtlawng mi in tangka tampi a luhnak hmunhma ah a cang te ding mi a si.
Cherhchanmi /
1.တိုင်းရင်းသားယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့်ဓလေ့ထုံးစံ(ချင်း)၊ရခိုင်ပုံသေဝတ္ထုများ(ပထမတွဲ)ဦးစက္ကိန္ဒ၊
- ဝိသေသတိုင်းသမိုင်းအစသိန်းဖေမြင့်၊
3.အရှိုချင်း(သို့မဟုတ်)မြေပြန့်ချင်းနီငြိမ်း(အညာတက္ကသိုလ်)၊နိုင်ငံ့ဂုဏ်ရည်(၈၂/ဝ၆)၊ 4.ရခိုင်ဒေသမှတောင်ဇလပ်ပန်းရနံ့သင်းတဲ့မောင်မောင်ကျော့(ပလက်ဝ)၊နိုင်ငံ့ဂုဏ်ရည်(၁ဝဝ/ဝ၇)၊
5.ချင်းတိုင်းရင်းသား တို့၏ လူ့အမူအရာအချို့၊ အရှိုချင်းလူမျိုး သမိုင်း ဆလိုင်းဒါဝိဒ်။
6.မောင်မောင်ကျော့(ပလက်ဝ)
7.Salai June Nilian Sang
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