Hluttaw Nih Ṭhanchonak Tangka Hi Tawlrel A Hau Maw?
Lian Bawi Thang| Chin Digest Vol. 3, No. 3 –
Nitlak lei zaukphung a lennak ah cun MP nih company dirh i tender sawk i phung nih a onh lo mi a si. Cozah ah ziknawh le eihmuar a um maw ti mi a zohkhenhtu MP lila nih thanchonak chaw an tawlrel tik ah anmah lila kha kut thian lo a fawi ngaite…
Vawlei cung Eihmuar Sining
Transparency international ti mi bu nih kum tin a chuah tawn mi leicung eihmuar cazin 2017 ah a van chuah than. Cazin nih a langhter mi cu eihmuar le ziknawh a tam biknak hi democracy a cul deuh lonak le sifahnak nih a nenh deuh mi ram hi an si. Khuaruahhar pakhat a si mi cu zauk phung a hmang lo mi Singapore hi eihmuar a tlawm bik cazin (6) nak ah a dir kho mi a si (a hlan ah cun pakhatnak ah a rak dir bal). Asinain, pakhat tuak ding a si mi cu Singapore cu ram rum, ram fate pakhat lawng a si pin ah nuhrin le ramkhel lei covo [civil and political rights] ti dah lo cun a dang covo [rights] pawl cu zaran zauk phung ram nakin a tha deuh.
Khat lei ah zei ruang ah dah zauk phung a thawnnak ram ah hin eihmuar a tlawm timi hi tuak ding a um ve. A fawinak in cozah suttung pathum si mi uknak (administration), phungsernak (legislation) le taza cuainak (judiciary) karlak ah i zohkhenhnak (check-and-balance) a um. Cu pin ah, thawngzamh (media), mizapi bu (civil society) le cozah si lo mi bu (NGO) pawl nih ziknawh le eihmuar an tlawmter. Asinain, cozah a zohkhenhtu suttung a si mi hluttaw nih hin teh thanchonak chaw hi tawlrel a hau maw? Mizapi nih teh zeitluk in dah kan hngalhpi hna ti hi tuak ngai a hau.
Eihmuar dohtu: Thein Sein maw, Shwe Mann dah?
Kawl ram ah eihmuar kong he pehtlai in upadi hi a chanchan in an rak remh, an rak rengh, nain zeihlei a chuak lo. Biana ah, cozah riantuan an si ahcun an rian phuah an si lai ti tiang a rak i tel. U Thein Sein cozah a van kai ah thawng a leng mi cu Singapore tleicia an pa Lee Kuan Yew nih ‘eihmuar zorter nakding ah cozah rianṭuan an thlahlawh na santer lai i upadi na remh lai’ tiah a rak ti, ti si. Pyithu Hluttaw haotu Shwe Mann nih Kawl ram ah cozah rianṭuan hi nuai khat fai lawng kan si caah an thlahlawh kai hrimhrim a hau tiah biatak tein a rak aupi. Thein Sein cozah lei nih chawva sining a ṭhawn lo caah a si thiam lai lo tiah an rak el. Asinain, Shwe Mann hruainak in hluttaw nih 2014 ah cozah thlahlawh kai ding in bia an rak khiah, tlangcung mi hmunhma ah cun a hlei in chap chih a si. Mah lawng si lo, MP thlahlawh zong kai ding in 2015 January ah bia an khiah. Cun, Shwe Man hruainak ṭhiamṭhiam in 2013 ah eihmuar upadi hluttaw ah an remh ṭhan. Eihmuar dohdalnak phu (Anti-Corruption Commission) zong a dirhpi hna. A luancia Thein Sein cozah chan ah ziknawh le eihmuar kongkau he pehtlain biatak tein a cawlcangtu hi Pyithu hluttaw haotu Shwe Mann deuh a si tiah chim khawh a si.
Shwe Mann thawk mi hluttaw ṭhanchonak chawva (Constituency Development Fund)
USDP cozah chan 2014 kum ah hluttaw nih Constituency Development Fund (CDF) ti mi ṭhanchonak ca ah hman ding mi chaw ti mi upadi an rak ser. Cu upadi ning ah cozah hruai mi ṭhanchonak lawng si lo in mizapi nih herh taktak mi le duh taktak mi thawk nakding ah tiin peng (township) pakhat ah sing 1,000 Ks hman ding ti mi a um. Hluttaw chung um ralkap pawl nih fak ngai tein an duh lonak an rak langhter. Hi CDF upadi an rak ser lio ah INGO/NGO pawl nih thazaang an rak pek, MP pawl nih cozah hal lo in anmah mee an ngahnak hmunhma ah a herhbau taktak mi an tuah khawh lai tiah rak zumh a si. Ruahdamh ning ah Pyithu Hluttaw haotu a rak ṭuan mi Shwe Mann nih kum 2011 lio India hluttaw a va lennak ah hi ruahnak hi a ngah, ti a si. Hi bantuk MP hruai mi ṭhanchonak bawmhnak hi American hluttaw nih 1824 ah a rak thawk, the Rivers and Harbors Act tiah an rak auh. Mah lio caan ah a harsa tuk mi mizapi pawl kha voksa le a dang ei ding pawl bawmh an rak si i cheukhat nih cun ‘Pork-Barrel Politics’ tiah an auh. India cozah zong nih a hman rih i Japan le South Korea zong nih kum saupi an rak hman bal mi a si. Hi bantuk bawmhnak zong hi U Nu cozah nih ‘Pyidawtha Plan’ tiah le Ne Win cozah nih ‘Sifah Zorternak Bawmhnak’, ‘Khuate Ṭhanchonak Bawmhnak’ tiin a rak tuah bal. Biana ah, U Nu nih a rak thawk mi ‘Pyidawtha Plan’ ah cun peng (township) pakhat ṭhancho nakding ca ah kum khat ah 50,000 Ks pek a rak si. Asinain, U Nu le Ne Win cozah thawk mi hi MPs nih hruai mi ṭhanchonak bawmhnak si lo in cozah nih hruai mi a si tik ah tangka kilning a dik lo i mizapi sin ah a kal taktak mi a tlawmte. Asiah, Shwe Mann nih a thawk mi CDF hi teh mizapi ca ah ṭhanchonak zeitluk in dah a chuahpi ti mi biahalnak a um ve.
MP hruaimi thanchonak chaw (CDF) kalning
Kawl ram cozah nih 33 billion kyats (USD 33 million) renglo kumkhat ah tangka a thlak i peng (township) 330 renglo kha an van phawt tik ah khua (township) pakhat ah sing 1000 ks an ngah dih. Biana ah, Chin ramkulh chung ah khua (township) 9 a um tik ah sing 9,000 Ks kan ngah i Yangon bantuk ah cun ting 45,000 Ks an ngah. Asinain, biahalnak a van chuak mi cu USD 33 million renglo hman mi hi zeitluk in dah mizapi ca ah ṭhanchonak a chuahpi taktak le zeitluk in dah tangka felfai tein an hman ti mi hi a si. Biana ah, MP ka hawi pakhat nih a chim mi cu Yangon MP cheu khat dengmang cu tangka zeitindah ṭha tein kan hman lai ti an hngalh lo caah hmunthur thianhnak ca ah an tangka tam bik an hman ti a si. Yangon MP ah an uar ngai mi nu Kyi Pyar nih cun mee an ka thlaknak hmunhma hi mifir tbk an tam caah tangka pawl hin CCTV camera ka bunh hna i Yangon khuapi ca zong ah himnak a chuahpi tiah a chim. Kachin MP ah an rak theih ngai mi Daw Doe Bu nih cun ‘Tuluk ram ah solar ka cawk i zan ah mei kan ngah’ tiah uang ngai in a chim ve. Hi CDF upadi ning ah tangka hi, ti ngahnak, lamcawhnak le mizapi herhbaunak hmun ah hman ding ti mi a si. Asiah Chin ramkulh kan MP pawl nih teh ṭhanchonak ca ah khua pakhat sing 1000 hi zeitindah an hman ti mi biahalnak a chuak.
MP le CDF Chaw buainak
Nihin leicung ramkhel lei thiamsang pawl nih CDF chaw hmanning he pehtlai in an soisel ngai i a cheu hmunhma ah cun an hmang ti lo. A ruang cu anmah MP, asiloah party, asiloah anmah neihniam mi company sin ah tangka a kal i anmah MP mee ngah than nakding ca ah thil tu a chuak than ti a si. CDF upadi ning ah peng (township) pakhat ah ṭhanchonak committee ser a si lai i cu ah cun MPs pawl nih hruai a si lai ti a si. Biana ah Thantlang a si ah cun Pyithu MP pakhat, Amyotha MP pakhat le ramkulh MP pahnih nih hruai in a dang cozah rianṭuan telh chih an si hnga. Cu tikah, thanchonak chaw kha anmah khua, pengtlang lei hna ah an hman hnga i cu tuahnak dingah tender a ngah mi company hna kha MP pawl an i telnak hna a rak si hnga. Peng pakhat ah MP dihlak hi party pakhat hna an si ahcun mah le mah thangchiatnak, tangka an tawlrelmi tlamtlin lonak kha i phuan lo a fawite. Nitlak lei zaukphung a lennak ah cun MP nih company dirh i tender sawk i phung nih a onh lo mi a si. Cozah ah ziknawh le eihmuar a um maw ti mi a zohkhenhtu MP lila nih thanchonak chaw an tawlrel tik ah anmah lila kha kut thian lo a fawi ngaite. CDF upadi ning ah kum khat an hman mi hi ramkulh cozah sin ah cazin pek (audit) a si lai i ramkulh cozah nih Nay Pyi Taw ah a kuat ṭhan lai ti a si. Asinain, ramkulh cozah sin ah ṭha tein report a pe kho mi MP hi an tlawm tuk i a hlei mi tangka kha ap ṭhan ti lo in a caan ah cun mee ngah ṭhan nakding ca ah biaknaklei tbk cawlcanghnak ah anmah pumpak min in an hlut ti mi zong a min chuak.
Biafuntomnak
NLD cozah a van kai tik ah eihmuar a doh len ko nain nitlak lei ram nih an hlawt cang mi eihmuar he ai neh tukmi CDF upadi hi nihin tiang a van pehzulh rih mi hi thil poi ngai a si. Hi chaw hmanning kongkau he pehtlaiin thawngzamh (media), mizapi bu (civil society) le khuanu/pa zong nih tampi theihpi a si lo. A bik in nihin Kawl ram ziknawh le eihmuar ah kan buai bik mi cu cozah nih tender sawk ding a auh tik ah, company pakhat nih tender ngah nakding ah a va ziknawh hnga, cu company nih a thil tuah mi (quality) kha ziknawh a ei mi cozah lila nih va check than kha a si. Eihmuar khamh nakding ah NLD cozah nih tuah a herh mi cu cozah nih tender a pek mi a check thantu zalong tein a dir mi zung (independent department) ser, asiloah a leng company fial ding ti mi upadi ser hi a si.
Lian Bawi Thang hi SOAS, University of London ah M. Sc., International Politics a kai lio a si. Thailand ram Chulalongkorn ah Development Studies in Master a ngah hnu ah Malaysia UN ah refugee lei rian a tuan. CHRO Kawlram a tlaitu a tuan hnu ah US Embassy ah ramkhel lei kherhhlaitu zong a rak ṭuanmi a si. ~ Editor
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